Events
- 1000 - Leif Ericson lands at Vinland (Newfoundland), becoming the first known European to set foot in Canada. His father, Erik the Red, was previously the first European to set foot in North America when he landed in Greenland in 982.
- 1075 - Dmitar Zvonimir was crowned as king of the Croatia.
- 1238 - James I of Aragon conquered Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia.
- 1446 - The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea.
- 1514 - marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor
- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar October 9 does not exist in 1582 in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1604 - Supernova 1604, the most recent supernova to be observed in the Milky Way.
- 1635 - Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he spoke out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land.
- 1701 - The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
- 1771 - The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks near the coast of Finland.
- 1776 - Father Francisco Palou founds Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California.
- 1799 - Sinking of HMS Lutine with the loss of 240 men and a cargo worth £1,200,000.
- 1812 - War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships; the HMS Detroit and the HMS Caledonia.
- 1820 - Guayaquil declared independence from Spain.
- 1831 - Capo d'Istria was assassinated.
- 1845 - The eminent and controversial Anglican, John Henry Newman, was received into the Roman Catholic Church.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook - Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia.
- 1871 - The Great Chicago Fire is brought under control.
- 1874 - General Postal Union was created as a result of the Treaty of Berne.
- 1888 - The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public.
- 1914 - World War I: Siege of Antwerp - Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
- 1919 - Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.
- 1934 - Regicide at Marseille: The assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Louis Barthou, Foreign Minister of France.
- 1936 - Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begin to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.
- 1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain - During a nighttime air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral is pierced by a bomb.
- 1942 - Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy.
- 1957 - Neil H. McElroy was sworn in as the 6th Secretary of Defense of United States.
- 1962 - Uganda becomes a republic.
- 1963 - In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the Vajont Dam causes a giant wave of water to overtop it.
- 1967 - A day after being caught, Che Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.
- 1969 - In Chicago, the United States National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in connection to the trial of the "Chicago Eight" (trial started on September 24).
- 1970 - The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
- 1983 - Rangoon bombing: attempted assassination of South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan during an official visit to Rangoon, Burma. Chun survived but the blast killed 17 of his entourage, including four cabinet ministers, whilst 17 others were injured. Four Burmese officials also died in the blast.
- 1986 - United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.
- 1986 - The FOX Network begins broadcasting.
- 1989 - An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh.
- 1989 - In Leipzig, East Germany, 70,000 protesters demand the legalization of opposition groups and democratic reforms.
- 1991 - Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1992 - A 13 kilogram (est.) meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.
- 1995 - An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.
- 2001 - Second mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attack.
- 2002 - After losing a massive amount of ground during the summer of 2002, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 7,286.27, its lowest level in five years. The NASDAQ also hit a six-year low of 1,114.11.
- 2004 - Democratic elections held for the first time in Afghanistan.
- 2004 - The tri-annual federal election is held in Australia and Liberal Party of Australia leader, John Howard, wins a fourth term as Prime Minister in a landslide victory over opponent, Mark Latham of the Australian Labor Party.
- 2005 - China's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announces the new accurate height of Mount Everest is 8848.43 m.
- 2005 - When Tropical Depression 23 strengthens into Hurricane Vince it makes the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the first season on record to use a name beginning with V.
- 2005 - Smoking is fully banned on the UK rail network.
Births
- 1201 - Robert de Sorbon, French theologian and founder of the Sorbonne (d. 1274)
- 1221 - Salimbene di Adam, Italian chronicler
- 1261 - King Dinis of Portugal (d. 1325)
- 1328 - King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)
- 1581 - Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (d. 1638)
- 1585 - Heinrich Schütz, German composer (d. 1672)
- 1586 - Archduke Leopold V of Austria (d. 1632)
- 1757 - King Charles X of France (d. 1836)
- 1796 - Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist (d. 1878)
- 1835 - Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
- 1840 - Simeon Solomon, British artist (d. 1905)
- 1852 - Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
- 1859 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. 1935)
- 1871 - George Gauthier, Bishop of Montreal and rector of the University of Montreal (d. 1940)
- 1873 - Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1916)
- 1873 - Charles Walgreen, American entrepreneur (d. 1939)
- 1873 - Carl Flesch, Hungarian violinist (d. 1944)
- 1874 - Nicholas Roerich, Russian painter (d. 1947)
- 1879 - Max von Laue, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
- 1886 - Rube Marquard, baseball player (d. 1980)
- 1888 - Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)
- 1890 - Aimee Semple McPherson, American evangelist (d. 1944)
- 1892 - Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
- 1892 - Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)
- 1893 - Mário de Andrade, Brazilian writer and photographer (d. 1945)
- 1900 - Alastair Sim, Scottish actor (d. 1976)
- 1903 - Walter O'Malley, American baseball executive (d. 1979)
- 1906 - Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician (d. 2001)
- 1907 - Quintin Hogg, British politician (d. 2001)
- 1908 - Jacques Tati, French filmmaker (d. 1982)
- 1909 - Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
- 1911 - Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
- 1915 - Clifford M. Hardin, United States Secretary of Agriculture
- 1918 - Lila Kedrova, Russian-born actress (d. 2000)
- 1920 - Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author (d. 1976)
- 1921 - Michel Boisrond, French film director (d. 2002)
- 1923 - Fyvush Finkel, American actor
- 1925 - Johnny Stompanato, American organized crime figure (d. 1958)
- 1926 - Danièle Delorme, French actress
- 1928 - Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer
- 1933 - Peter Mansfield, British physicist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate
- 1935 - Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, member of the British Royal Family
- 1936 - Brian Blessed, English actor
- 1938 - Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician
- 1940 - John Lennon, British musician and songwriter (The Beatles) (d. 1980)
- 1941 - Trent Lott, American politician
- 1941 - Chucho Valdés, Cuban musician
- 1944 - John Entwistle, British musician (The Who) (d. 2002)
- 1944 - Nona Hendryx, American singer (LaBelle)
- 1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician (d. 1987)
- 1946 - Tansu Çiller, Prime Minister of Turkey
- 1947 - France Gall, French singer
- 1948 - Jackson Browne, American musician
- 1950 - Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1952 - Sharon Osbourne, English music manager and wife of Ozzy Osbourne
- 1953 - Tony Shalhoub, American actor
- 1954 - Scott Bakula, American actor
- 1957 - Don Garber, American sports commissioner
- 1958 - Michael Pare, American actor
- 1960 - Kenny Garrett, American jazz saxophonist
- 1962 - Jorge Burruchaga, Argentinian footballer
- 1964 - Bobby Flay, American celebrity chef and restaurateur
- 1966 - David Cameron, British politician
- 1967 - Eddie Guerrero, Mexican professional wrestler (d. 2005)
- 1969 - P.J. Harvey, English musician
- 1970 - Kenny Anderson, American basketball player
- 1970 - Savannah, American actress (d. 1994)
- 1970 - Annika Sörenstam, Swedish golfer
- 1971 - Simon Atlee, British photographer (d. 2004)
- 1971 - Michael Manna, American professional wrestler
- 1973 - Steven Burns, American actor and musician
- 1973 - Fabio Lione, Italian musician (Rhapsody)
- 1973 - Terry Balsamo - American guitarist
- 1975 - Sean Lennon, English musician
- 1975 - Mark Viduka, Australian footballer
- 1978 - Nicky Byrne, Irish musician (Westlife)
- 1978 - Juan Dixon, American basketball player
- 1979 - Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer
- 1979 - Brandon Routh, American Actor
- 1980 - Henrik Zetterberg, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1981 - Zachery Ty Bryan, American actor
- 1981 - Darius Miles, American basketball player
- 1982 - António Mendonça, Angolan footballer
- 1986 - Laure Manaudou, French swimmer
- 1992 - Tyler James Williams, American actor
- 1994 - Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress
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Deaths
- 1047 - Pope Clement II (b. 1005)
- 1253 - Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and bishop
- 1390 - King John I of Castile (b. 1358)
- 1555 - Justus Jonas, German protestant reformer (b. 1493)
- 1562 - Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist (b. 1523)
- 1569 - Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)
- 1597 - Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1537)
- 1691 - William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)
- 1709 - Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
- 1729 - Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (b. 1654)
- 1793 - Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718)
- 1797 - Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1720)
- 1806 - Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer (b. 1731)
- 1831 - John Capodistria, Governor of Greece (b. 1776)
- 1924 - Valery Bryusov, Russian writer and critic (b. 1873)
- 1934 - King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888)
- 1934 - Louis Barthou, Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1862)
- 1940 - Wilfred Grenfell, medical missionary to Newfoundland and Labrador (b. 1865).
- 1941 - Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900)
- 1943 - Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
- 1950 - George Hainsworth, National Hockey League goaltender (b. 1895)
- 1955 - Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Austrian Catholic archbishop (b. 1875)
- 1956 - Marie Doro, American actress (b. 1882)
- 1958 - Pope Pius XII (b. 1876)
- 1962 - Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (b. 1885)
- 1967 - Che Guevara, Argentine revolutionary and guerilla leader (executed) (b. 1928)
- 1967 - Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
- 1967 - André Maurois, French author (b. 1885)
- 1968 - Pierre Mulele, Congolese revolutionary
- 1972 - Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902)
- 1974 - Oskar Schindler, German businessman (b. 1908)
- 1978 - Jacques Brel, Belgian singer and actor (b. 1929)
- 1987 - Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (b. 1908)
- 1987 - Clare Boothe Luce, American diplomat (b. 1903)
- 1987 - William Parry Murphy, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1892)
- 1989 - Penny Lernoux, American journalist and author (b. 1940)
- 1995 - Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1903)
- 1996 - Walter Kerr, American theater critic (b. 1913)
- 1999 - Milt Jackson, American jazz vibraphonist (b. 1923)
- 2000 - David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945)
- 2000 - Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1918)
- 2001 - Dagmar, American television personality (b. 1921)
- 2001 - Herbert Ross, American film director and producer (b. 1927)
- 2005 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (b. 1913)
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